With its firm basis in Neo-Confucianism, the Joseon Dynasty represented a new humanist era prioritizing self-cultivation and moral virtue. This new society was led by the scholar officials, who expressed their ideals through poetry, calligraphy, and painting. Their writings and artworks not only manifested the ideology of Joseon, but also strengthened state governance through the power of culture and scholarship. Employing the limitless expressive potential of ink, which had long been a staple material in calligraphy and painting, scholar officials metaphorically conveyed their principles and inner worlds. The symbolic efficacy of ink was fully utilized in conceptual landscapes that portray idyllic realms envisioned by the scholar officials, rather than actual scenes from nature. Part 2 features calligraphy and ink-wash paintings imbued with the noble thoughts and humanist spirit of the literati, embodying the cultural climate of early Joseon.